From the great California construction negotiations to China’s massive demolition of 15 high-rise buildings which have never been used before. Here are six costly construction mistakes ever done.
Liyang Star City
In 2011, construction began on the second phase of the so-called Liyang Star City in Kunming e. China. They built 19 high-rise buildings in four large spaces to accommodate residences and offices. A year after construction began, the project changed hands and a new company managed to finish the first 4 high places, but build on the remaining buildings was suspended in 2013 due to financial constraints. 15 more buildings it came out on top but was never completely eliminated. Over the years, they began to flood with rainwater in the lower areas, leading to irreversible foundation damage. In December 2020, another real estate company bought property and project rights throughout the country $ 150 million. They soon discovered that the 8-year-old buildings would not be reassembled the demands of the changing housing market, and they decided to demolish unused buildings. Demolition workers dropped more than four tons of explosives and measures were taken to make demolition as safe as possible. Finally, in August 2021, the planned demolition began. Years later planning and construction go down in 45 seconds and was reportedly a large building at the same time in China.
Millennium Tower
Completed in 2009, this residence the tower is the sixth largest building in San Francisco about 200 feet [200 m] high. Construction of the main floor cost Mission Street Development LLC total $ 350 million, and it went well - or so they thought. In 2016 the residents - the payers up to $ 13 billion per unit - found Millennium Tower tilt and sinking on the ground. Investigations during that time revealed that the foundation of the tower built on deep sand instead of rock that can support a heavy structure. As a result, seven years after it was opened, the Millennium Tower sank 40 inches or 16 inches and on top of that there was a 15-inch inclination. Cases began almost immediately after the release of this information. The city of San Francisco and the Landlords Association in the building are suing for development the team, in turn, blamed another company that was responsible for building a neighbor Transbay Transit Center. However it turns out that the problem arose before they started. In September 2018, many residents reported hearing loud and cracked sounds. During the night, residents on the 36th floor woke up to a loud noise. Broken window found in the corner means that there are serious structural problems in the Millennium Tower. Eventually, the cases were settled, and a solution was found to resolve the problem. The solution? Engineers have put in place a $ 100 billion plan to hold on to the underground rock the north and west sides of the tower. The plan was to install more than 50 new piles that would reach the top 70 meters below ground level, strengthening towers and reducing slope over a period of several years. Construction of the new foundation began in 2020, but more recently it had to be rebuilt August 2021. Those in charge of overseeing the work noticed that the tower had sunk extra inches and inclination increased again. It currently relies on more than 22 inches in space up and the problem is still being investigated before returning to the repair work.
Olkiluoto 3 Nuclear Power Plant
More than 30 countries around the world use nuclear power to meet the demand for electricity. About 30% of Finnish electricity is supplied with nuclear power and in 2005, the Finnish government decided that this was not enough. If they wanted to reduce their use of coal, they needed to build more nuclear bombs. Plans included adding a third modern and more efficient unit at the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Station in Eurajoki which will improve Finland's nuclear power production by about 60%. The first two units in this rector are active and generate power since the 1980s. Construction of this third reactor began in 2005, and it was the first nuclear power plant in the western world in 15 years. From the beginning, the work was marred by construction delays. Although TVO, i The company that owns the power station Olkiluoto, initially promised that a new reactor would be opened in 2010, it is still being built today. Larger buildings were completed earlier, but nuclear parts took years to install. Business disputes, supply chain problems, and planning delays kept the project up to 12 years and about $ 8 billion over budget. According to experts, part of the problem is that no one has ever built a nuclear power plant in a certain period of time. Experienced builders left the business 15 years ago between the previous reactors and the construction of the Olkiluoto 3. In addition, contractors were not provided with the necessary standards for building a safe nuclear reactor. The concrete foundation was found to be rare shortly after laying, therefore it had to be redone. The contractors were not doing well the metal parts of the reactors, and the burners on the project were not informed of the proper procedures before construction began. Planning was also a challenge in this work, and the writing and licensing process took years repair due to management problems related to nuclear plants. TVO has finally promised that the Olkiluoto 3 will be open to standard power generation February 2022. The actual cost of the project was estimated at $ 3 billions of dollars and increased every year. Due to delays and problems, the amount project now estimated at $ 11 billion, about 4 times the original price.
Hallandsås Rail Tunnel
In 1975, problems arose with the Swedish railway, as other parts of the The West Coast Line can no longer cope with the increase in train traffic. To improve this state announced a major line development project for double tracking. An important part of this work was the development of a single-track railway at Hallandsås ridge, which was an important bottle in passenger trains running through Gothenburg in Sweden, and Copenhagen in Denmark. Thus the construction of the Hallandsås tunnel began in 1992 with plans to open 3 years later. However, problems arose almost immediately. Groundwater begins to flow into the rock as soon as construction begins, and it is in very high volumes than expected. The stone was too soft to withstand the rigging of the shaft, and it even broke the first drill they tried to use. However, conventional excavations led to additional leaks. These problems caused the original contractor to run out of money and to resign. However the new contractors did not do much better. During construction, use a toxic combination of seals without taking appropriate safety precautions. As a result, livestock and the fish in the area began to die, and the workers in the project were sick. The company faced criminal charges for these problems, and construction was resumed in 1997. At this time, only about 3km of the 8km tunnel was excavated. New excavation equipment and methods made the work easier, but excavation was delayed areas with low quality rock, as it has taken longer to drill safely in these areas. Construction of the Hallandsås Tunnel was completed in 2015, 23 years later it was started. The Swedish government initially predicted that The project will cost about $ 1 billion. When it happened completed in 2015, total costs were estimated at $ 10.5 billion for the kronor, ten times the original cost.
Transformation of Eastern Span San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
More than 27 million vehicles annually travel between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland. All of they took 10 lanes of the San Francisco Bay Bridge to embark on their daily journey of more than 3.5km of water. Such a long bridge should be safe, but the 1989 earthquake drew attention to its flaws. A 6.9 magnitude earthquake called Loma Prieta destroyed part of the first Bay Bridge in October 17, 1989. City officials had no choice but to talk about the building worry and make the bridge safe again. However, it was decided that repairing the bridge and repairing the damage would be costly. Instead, San Francisco officials decided to hold a competition to design a new bridge. It took ten years for the new design to be approved. They plan to do so return the eastern span with a self-contained bridge, which was agreed upon with the team looking better. Unfortunately, the complexity of this type of bridge proved to be a financial sink. Stability rods often break, requiring repair or reconstruction. They decided to use security guards there are obstacles, but these will fade with time. The parts of the deck do not fit very well, creating a high risk of earthquake failure. Finally, the temperature was not, which resulted in a long investigation and a few expensive fixes. Bay East Bridge east of the country took 11 years to build and is an expensive infrastructure project in California, although a new high-speed train may take its place. The full cost of the bridge and its many failures are still unknown, but by 2019 it was estimated that it was over $ 7 billion. That's about 7 times the first bid
just over $ 1 billion
Harmon Hotel
The Las Vegas City Center is an urban center in the middle of the Las Vegas Strip. It was announced in November 2004 as a state-of-the-art accommodation experience, which will include accommodation condoms, shopping malls, and everything else you need in everyday life. This private ‘town’ includes The Harmon Hotel, 137 meters tall a hotel and a high-rise accommodation, which will include a rooftop pool to view over the Strip. Construction of The Harmon began with these plans in 2007 and costs were estimated about $ 275 million, but only one part was completed when progress was halted permanently. In 2008, inspectors discovered major structural defects in the building. Metals intended to stabilize 49 floors were improperly installed, so construction was halted behind the 28th floor. Condoms removed from applications, which means that the refund should have been given to those who have already purchased. This change of design caused further delays, and eventually, construction stopped altogether. MGM, owners of The Harmon, he wrapped the building in clear glass and sold it as an advertising space. In 2011, reports emerged that Harmon would not survive the quake, and it would collapse due to structural problems if ever. In response, MGM announced the demolition of the structure. Because of its proximity to other buildings near the skyscraper, the building was demolished to the ground instead of being blown up. This process started in June 2014 and ended in 2015. Harmon cost MGM more than $ 450 million. It has not been used or opened to the public due to extreme structural problems, and the demolition process took about a year to complete on its own.